Emerging Evidence on Benefits, Risks, and Clinical Implications
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GLP-1 medications are increasingly common treatments for diabetes, weight loss, and cardiovascular disease. As of late 2025, nearly one in five US adults say they have taken a GLP-1 at some point. It is estimated that approximately 25 million individuals in the US will be taking a GLP-1 by 2030.
This visual report from CareQuest Institute explores the relationship between these medications and oral health. Research suggests that they can have some positive impacts but may also pose certain risks. Key points include:
- Type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease are both linked to periodontal (gum) disease, so treating those conditions could have indirect benefits for oral health.
- Individuals taking GLP-1s may increase their consumption of fruits and vegetables and decrease their consumption of sugars and starchy foods that cause tooth decay, which would also benefit oral health.
- GLP-1s may cause side effects such as xerostomia (dry mouth) and gastrointestinal symptoms like gastric reflux. These side effects could lead to enamel erosion and other oral health problems.
Research on the effects of GLP-1s on oral health is still in its early stages. Health care providers and patients should understand the potential oral health implications — including both possible benefits and risks — and monitor for relevant symptoms.
You may also be interested in:
- The Heart of the Matter, a visual report exploring the relationship between heart disease and oral health.
- Periodontal Treatment Associated with Decreased Diabetes-Related Costs, an article in The Journal of the American Dental Association demonstrating cost savings up to 14% for patients with diabetes who received periodontal treatment.
- Oral Health and Chronic Kidney Disease, a visual report explaining the relationship between kidney disease and gum disease and how integrated, whole-person care improves patient outcomes.